Scales

Nostalgia-Evoked Ad Response (NEAR)

An in-depth academic examination of the Nostalgia-Evoked Ad Response (NEAR) scale developed by Muehling and...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Ad Stimulating Affective Appeal (ASAA)

The Ad Stimulating Affective Appeal (ASAA) scale is a 3-item semantic differential tool developed by...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Product Purchase Attitude (PPA)

An in-depth academic review of the Product Purchase Attitude (PPA) scale developed by Berens, van...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Store Background Music Attitude (SBMA)

A psychometric review of the Store Background Music Attitude (SBMA) scale developed by Baker, Grewal,...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Ad Message Relevance (PAMR)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Perceived Ad Message Relevance (PAMR) scale developed by Russell...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Ad-Evoked Product Usage Imagery (APUI)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Ad-Evoked Product Usage Imagery (APUI) scale developed by Jennifer...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Empowerment by Firm (CEF)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Consumer Empowerment by Firm (CEF) scale adapted by Paharia and...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Home Furniture Visualization Ease (HFVE)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Home Furniture Visualization Ease (HFVE) scale, measuring mental imagery,...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Charitable Donation Effort and Sacrifice

A psychometric review of the Charitable Donation Effort and Sacrifice (CDES) scale, evaluating observer perceptions...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Discount Value (PDV)

A psychometric review of the Perceived Discount Value (PDV) scale (Guha et al., 2018), evaluating...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti