Scales

Product Purchase Attitude (PPA)

An in-depth academic review of the Product Purchase Attitude (PPA) scale developed by Berens, van...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Brand Model Improvement (PBMI)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Perceived Brand Model Improvement (PBMI) scale developed by Dagogo-Jack and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Product Versatility (PPV)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Perceived Product Versatility (PPV) scale developed by Wu et...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti