Scales

Consumer Cosmopolitanism Scale (COSMO)

The Consumer Cosmopolitanism Scale (COSMO), developed by Riefler, Diamantopoulos, and Siguaw (2012), is a 12-item...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Academic Procrastination Scale

The Academic Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986) is a premier 20-item psychometric instrument evaluating trait procrastination...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Animosity Scale (CAS)

An in-depth academic review of the Consumer Animosity Scale (CAS), examining its theoretical foundations, psychometric...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Brand Identification Scale

The Consumer Brand Identification Scale (CBIS) measures the degree to which consumers define themselves by...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti