Scales

Consumer Involvement Profiles (CIP)

The Consumer Involvement Profiles (CIP), developed by Gilles Laurent and Jean-Noël Kapferer (1985), is a...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Shopping Value Scale

A comprehensive psychometric review and academic analysis of the Shopping Value Scale (SVS-Babin), examining its...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Shopping Enjoyment Scale (SES)

The Shopping Enjoyment Scale (SES), grounded in Babin, Darden, and Griffin's (1994) hedonic shopping value...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti