Scales

Brand-Nation Connection Scale

The Brand-Nation Connection Scale (He & Ge, 2023) is an 8-item psychometric instrument measuring the...

September 27, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Foreignness (BRFG)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Brand Foreignness (BRFG) scale developed by Zhou, Yang, and...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Food Safety Scale (PFOODSF)

A comprehensive psychometric analysis of the Perceived Food Safety Scale (PFOODSF) developed by Berry et...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Country Image Scale (CIS-COO)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Country Image Scale (CIS-COO) developed by Martin and Eroglu...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima)

A comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima), detailing its 20 semantic...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE), developed by Terence A. Shimp...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti