Scales

Attitude Toward the Ad Scale (Aad)

The Attitude Toward the Ad Scale (Aad) is an essential 3-item semantic differential instrument measuring...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Hedonic and Utilitarian Attitudes Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Hedonic and Utilitarian Attitudes Scale (HUTA), covering its theoretical...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Value Scale (PERVAL)

The Perceived Value Scale (PERVAL), developed by Jillian C. Sweeney and Geoffrey N. Soutar, is...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti