Scales

Emotional Brand Attachment Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Emotional Brand Attachment Scale (EBA) by Thomson, MacInnis, and...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Brand Globalness Scale (PBG)

Comprehensive psychometric review of the Perceived Brand Globalness Scale (PBG) developed by Steenkamp, Batra, and...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Cosmopolitanism Scale (COSMO)

The Consumer Cosmopolitanism Scale (COSMO), developed by Riefler, Diamantopoulos, and Siguaw (2012), is a 12-item...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Shopping Value Scale

A comprehensive psychometric review and academic analysis of the Shopping Value Scale (SVS-Babin), examining its...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Retail Approach–Avoidance Scale (RAAS)

The Retail Approach–Avoidance Scale (RAAS) adapts Mehrabian and Russell's PAD environmental psychology framework to assess...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Need for Touch Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Need for Touch Scale (NFT), developed by Joann Peck...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Self-Congruity with Destination Scale (SCDS)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Self-Congruity with Destination Scale (SCDS), examining theoretical foundations, psychometric validity,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Experience Economy Scale (EES-Tourism)

A psychometric review and complete test instrument for the Experience Economy Scale for Tourism (EES-Tourism),...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Travel Information Search Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Travel Information Search Scale (TISS), examining its theoretical foundations,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Travel Risk Perception Scale

The Travel Risk Perception Scale (TRPS) measures perceived risk across seven core dimensions: health, political...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Servicescape Scale (SS)

A comprehensive psychometric overview of the Servicescape Scale (SS), assessing ambient conditions, spatial layout, and...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti