Scales

Corporate Philanthropy Attitude (CPA)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Corporate Philanthropy Attitude (CPA) scale developed by Xie and Keh...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Emotional Product Attachment (EPA)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Emotional Product Attachment (EPA) scale, measuring affective bonds and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Affective Anticipation (AffAntic)

A comprehensive psychometric overview of the Affective Anticipation (AffAntic) scale, measuring anticipatory utility, pre-event emotion,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Product Aesthetic Appeal

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Product Aesthetic Appeal (PAA) scale developed by Wu et...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Ad Message Concrete Construal Level

The Ad Message Concrete Construal Level (AMCL-C) scale is a 3-item psychometric instrument designed to...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Word-of-Mouth Likelihood Scale (WOMG)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Word-of-Mouth Likelihood Scale (WOMG) developed by Yinlong Zhang, Lawrence Feick,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Positive Word-of-Mouth Intention Scale

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Positive Word-of-Mouth Intention Scale (PWOM), assessing construct validity, reliability,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Negative Word-of-Mouth Scale (NEGWOM)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Negative Word-of-Mouth Scale (NEGWOM) by Ashley & Noble (2014), detailing...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Company Product Purchase Intention Scale

The Company Product Purchase Intention Scale (COPURINT) is a validated 3-item psychometric measure developed by...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti