Scales
Product Design Scale (PDS)
The Product Design Scale (PDS), developed by Homburg, Schwemmle, and Kuehnl (2015), measures consumers' holistic...
# Symbolism
2 results
Scales
Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS)
The Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS) is a 15-item psychometric instrument measuring consumer perceptions of brand...
September 5, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti