Scales

Brand Familiarity (BRFM)

The Brand Familiarity (BRFM) scale, developed by Steenkamp, Batra, and Alden (2003), is a 3-item...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Innovativeness (Product Trial) (INNOPROD)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Innovativeness (Product Trial) Scale (INNOPROD) developed by Jan-Benedict E....

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Brand Globalness Scale (PBG)

Comprehensive psychometric review of the Perceived Brand Globalness Scale (PBG) developed by Steenkamp, Batra, and...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti