Scales

Information Quality — Logistics (IQL)

Comprehensive academic overview and psychometric validation of the Information Quality — Logistics (IQL) scale developed...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Disidentification Scale (CDIS)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Consumer Disidentification Scale (CDIS) developed by Alexander Josiassen (2011),...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Knowledge Development

A psychometric review of the Customer Knowledge Development (CKD) scale (Joshi & Sharma, 2004), measuring...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Product Design Scale (PDS)

The Product Design Scale (PDS), developed by Homburg, Schwemmle, and Kuehnl (2015), measures consumers' holistic...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer-Related Responsiveness Scale (CRR)

The Customer-Related Responsiveness Scale (CRR), formulated by Homburg, Grozdanovic, and Klarmann (2007), is a validated...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti