Scales

Ambivalence Toward the Object (ATO)

The Ambivalence Toward the Object (ATO) scale is a validated 5-item psychometric instrument developed by...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Innovativeness (Use) (INNOUSE)

The Innovativeness (Use) (INNOUSE) scale, developed by Chuan-Fong Shih and Alladi Venkatesh (2004), is a...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Affective Response (Negative) (ARN)

A psychometric review of the Affective Response (Negative) (ARN) scale, an 8-item state measure developed...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Augmentation Quality Scale (AQS)

The Augmentation Quality Scale (AQS) is a 9-item psychometric instrument measuring consumer evaluations of virtual...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Personality Appeal Scale (BPA)

The Brand Personality Appeal Scale (BPA), developed by Freling, Crosno, and Henard (2011), measures consumer...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Motivated Consumer Innovativeness Scale

A comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Motivated Consumer Innovativeness (MCI) Scale developed by Vandecasteele...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Adaptiveness Scale

The Customer Adaptiveness Scale (CA), developed by Panagopoulos, Rapp, and Ogilvie (2017), is a 5-item...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti