Scales

Luxury Brand Functional Essence

Comprehensive academic overview of the Luxury Brand Functional Essence scale developed by Lidan Xu and...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Luxury Brand Emotional Essence

An in-depth psychometric analysis of the Luxury Brand Emotional Essence scale, developed by Lidan Xu...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Comparative Object Valuation (COV)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Comparative Object Valuation (COV) scale, developed by Smith, Newman,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Object Essence Perception (OEP)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Object Essence Perception (OEP) scale developed by Smith, Newman,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Expected Apparel Quality Scale (QJN)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Expected Apparel Quality Scale (QJN) developed by George E....

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Brand Essence Scale (PBES)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Perceived Brand Essence Scale (PBES) developed by Newman and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti