Scales
Psychological Inner Emptiness (PIE)
The Psychological Inner Emptiness (PIE) scale is a 3-item psychometric measure assessing situational feelings of...
# PIE Scale
2 results
Scales
Performance Improvement Expectancy
Comprehensive psychometric review and scale profile of the Performance Improvement Expectancy (PIE) scale developed by...
September 12, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti