Scales

Emergent Nature (EMRN)

The Emergent Nature (EMRN) Scale is an 8-item psychometric instrument developed by Hoffman, Kopalle, and...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Creativity (CRTV)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Creativity (CRTV) Scale developed by Hoffman, Kopalle, and Novak (2010),...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Intelligent-Failure Reward System (IFRS)

The Intelligent-Failure Reward System (IFRS) is a validated psychometric scale developed by Joshi and Sharma...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Knowledge Development

A psychometric review of the Customer Knowledge Development (CKD) scale (Joshi & Sharma, 2004), measuring...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Market Knowledge Breadth Scale

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Market Knowledge Breadth Scale (MKB) by De Luca &...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Relative Advantage (RA)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Relative Advantage (RA) scale developed by Robert G. Cooper...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti