Scales

New Involvement Profile (NIP)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the New Involvement Profile (NIP) developed by Kapil Jain and...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Involvement Profiles (CIP)

The Consumer Involvement Profiles (CIP), developed by Gilles Laurent and Jean-Noël Kapferer (1985), is a...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti