Scales

Gamson’s Helplessness

A psychometric review of Gamson’s Helplessness Scale (1961), a 5-item instrument measuring political alienation, systemic...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Social Trust Questionnaire

The Social Trust Questionnaire (STQ) is a 24-item psychometric instrument evaluating interpersonal, generalized, institutional, and...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Bank Patronage Attitude (BPA)

Comprehensive academic review of the Bank Patronage Attitude (BPA) scale developed by Isaac, Brough, and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti