Scales

Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima)

A comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima), detailing its 20 semantic...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Variety Seeking Tendency Scale (VARSEEK)

The Variety Seeking Tendency Scale (VARSEEK) is an 8-item psychometric instrument measuring intrinsic motivation to...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Nostalgia Scale (CNS)

A detailed psychometric profile of the Consumer Nostalgia Scale (CNS) developed by Morris B. Holbrook...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Animosity Scale (CAS)

An in-depth academic review of the Consumer Animosity Scale (CAS), examining its theoretical foundations, psychometric...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Luxury Value Perception Scale

The Luxury Value Perception Scale (LVPS), created by Wiedmann, Hennigs, and Siebels (2009), measures consumer...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Attachment Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Brand Attachment Scale (BA-Park), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Personality Scale (BPS)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Brand Personality Scale (BPS) developed by Jennifer Aaker, detailing...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Risk Scale (PRS)

A comprehensive academic evaluation of the Perceived Risk Scale (PRS) established by Jacoby and Kaplan...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU / CNFU) developed by...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS-Faber)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS-Faber), detailing its regression-based scoring formula, psychometric...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Self-Brand Connection Scale

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Self-Brand Connection Scale (SBC) developed by Escalas and Bettman...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Purchase Intention Scale (PINT)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Purchase Intention Scale (PINT) developed by Dodds, Monroe, and...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti