Scales

Judgment Certainty (JC)

The Judgment Certainty (JC) scale, developed by Urbany, Bearden, Kaicker, and Smith-de Borrero (1997), is...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Shopping Process Control (SHPCTL)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Shopping Process Control (SHPCTL) scale developed by Chandran and...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Personal Economic Optimism (PEO)

The Personal Economic Optimism (PEO) scale measures forward-looking beliefs regarding personal financial trajectories, income growth,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Discount Magnitude (PDM)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Perceived Discount Magnitude (PDM) scale developed by Xie and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sales Offer Evaluation (SOE)

The Sales Offer Evaluation (SOE) scale, developed by Wen Mao (2016), is a 3-item psychometric...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti