Scales

Cigarette Attitude Ambivalence

Comprehensive academic overview of the Cigarette Attitude Ambivalence scale (Hamby & Russell, 2022), detailing its...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Ambivalence Toward the Object (ATO)

The Ambivalence Toward the Object (ATO) scale is a validated 5-item psychometric instrument developed by...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Product Evaluation Ambivalence (PEA)

Comprehensive academic psychometric review of the Product Evaluation Ambivalence (PEA) scale developed by Nowlis, Kahn,...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti