Scales

Perceived Self-Reliance Aid

The Perceived Self-Reliance Aid scale measures donor beliefs regarding whether charitable interventions empower recipients to...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Donor Agency

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Perceived Donor Agency scale, evaluating theoretical foundations, construct validity,...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sympathy (SYM)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Sympathy (SYM) Scale developed by C. Daniel Batson and...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Donor Motivation (Self-Expression) (DM)

A comprehensive academic psychometric profile of the Donor Motivation (Self-Expression) (DM) scale developed by Cassie...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Need for Help (PNFH)

The Perceived Need for Help (PNFH) scale is a psychometrically robust four-item instrument designed to...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti