Scales
Commitment to the Brand (CTBR)
Comprehensive academic overview of the Commitment to the Brand (CTBR) scale developed by Yoo, Donthu,...
Marketing Scales
191 results
Scales
Cart Abandonment (Concern about Order Costs) (CAOC)
A comprehensive psychometric review of the Cart Abandonment (Concern about Order Costs) (CAOC) scale, developed...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Brand Personality Appeal (Originality) (BPAO)
A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Brand Personality Appeal (Originality) (BPAO) subscale developed by Freling,...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Brand Familiarity (BRFM)
The Brand Familiarity (BRFM) scale, developed by Steenkamp, Batra, and Alden (2003), is a 3-item...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Brand Bias (Domestic vs. Foreign) (BBDF)
A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Brand Bias (Domestic vs. Foreign) (BBDF) scale developed by...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Attitude Toward the Act (Opening Account) (ATAA)
An in-depth academic examination of the Attitude Toward the Act (Opening Account) (ATAA) scale, developed...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Attitude Toward Word-of-Mouth (On-line) (ATWOM)
The Attitude Toward Word-of-Mouth (On-line) (ATWOM) scale is a 6-item psychometric instrument developed by Khare,...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Attitude Toward the Low Price Claim (Self-Serving) (ATSS)
The Attitude Toward the Low Price Claim (Self-Serving) (ATSS) scale is a 5-item psychometric instrument...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Attitude Toward the Company (Social Responsibility) (ATCSR)
The Attitude Toward the Company (Social Responsibility) (ATCSR) scale is a validated 5-item instrument measuring...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Attitude Toward a Low Price Guarantee (Protection Focus) (ALPGP)
The Attitude Toward a Low Price Guarantee (Protection Focus) (ALPGP) is a 3-item psychometric instrument...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Attitude Toward a Low Price Guarantee (Information Focus) (ALPGI)
A psychometric review of the Attitude Toward a Low Price Guarantee (Information Focus) (ALPGI) scale,...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Brand Personality Appeal Scale (BPA)
The Brand Personality Appeal Scale (BPA), developed by Freling, Crosno, and Henard (2011), measures consumer...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti