Scales

E-S-QUAL

A comprehensive academic guide to the E-S-QUAL (Electronic Service Quality Scale), developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml,...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Experience Scale (BES)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Brand Experience Scale (BES) by Brakus, Schmitt, and Zarantonello...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Store Price Image Scale (SPIS)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Store Price Image Scale (SPIS), developed by Stephan Zielke....

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Price–Quality Schema Scale (PQS)

The Price–Quality Schema Scale (PQS) is an authentic psychometric instrument designed to measure a consumer's...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Awe Scale (CAS-Awe)

The Consumer Awe Scale (CAS-Awe) is a multidimensional psychometric instrument measuring perceived vastness, need for...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Emotional Brand Attachment Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Emotional Brand Attachment Scale (EBA) by Thomson, MacInnis, and...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Brand Globalness Scale (PBG)

Comprehensive psychometric review of the Perceived Brand Globalness Scale (PBG) developed by Steenkamp, Batra, and...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Cosmopolitanism Scale (COSMO)

The Consumer Cosmopolitanism Scale (COSMO), developed by Riefler, Diamantopoulos, and Siguaw (2012), is a 12-item...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Experience Quality Scale (EXQ)

An exhaustive psychometric profile and academic review of the Customer Experience Quality Scale (EXQ) developed...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Visual Merchandising Effectiveness Scale

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Visual Merchandising Effectiveness Scale (VMES), measuring attention capture, product...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Deal Proneness Scale

A comprehensive psychometric and theoretical analysis of the Deal Proneness Scale (DPS-Deal) developed by Lichtenstein,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti