Scales

Shopping Orientation (Recreation) (SO)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Shopping Orientation (Recreation) scale, developed by Velitchka D. Kaltcheva...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Shopping Orientation (Economic)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Shopping Orientation (Economic) scale by Demoulin and Zidda (2009),...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Inspiration-Driven Shopping Orientation (IDSO)

The Inspiration-Driven Shopping Orientation (IDSO) is a validated 3-item psychometric scale measuring a consumer's episode-specific...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

General Shopping Involvement (GSI)

The General Shopping Involvement (GSI) scale is a psychometric instrument designed to assess an individual's...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Purchasing Involvement Scale (PI)

The Purchasing Involvement Scale (PI), developed by Slama and Tashchian (1985), is a 33-item psychometric...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti