Experiments
The Pen Choice Experiment (Uniqueness in East vs. West) – Heejung Kim and Hazel Markus
An in-depth academic examination of Kim and Markus's 1999 pen choice experiment, exploring cultural variations...
# Self-Construal
17 results
Scales
Ad Message Involvement (Self-Focused) (AMI)
The Ad Message Involvement (Self-Focused) (AMI) scale is a 4-item psychometric instrument developed by Jing...
September 16, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Experiments
The Independent vs. Interdependent Self-Construal Studies (Pen Choice) – Heejung Kim and Hazel Markus
An exhaustive academic analysis of the seminal 1999 Kim and Markus pen choice experiment, self-construal...
September 16, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Horizontal and Vertical Individualism–Collectivism Scale (HVIC)
Comprehensive academic overview of the Horizontal and Vertical Individualism–Collectivism Scale (HVIC) developed by Singelis, Triandis,...
September 7, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Experiments
The Pen Choice Experiment (Uniqueness in East vs. West) – Heejung Kim and Hazel Markus
Explore the seminal pen choice experiment by Heejung Kim and Hazel Markus, revealing profound cultural...
September 6, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti