Scales
Aloneness Scale (ALONE)
A comprehensive academic guide to the Aloneness Scale (ALONE), an 8-item psychometric measure developed by...
# Ostracism
6 results
Scales
Ostracism Experience Scale
The Ostracism Experience Scale (OES) is an 8-item psychometric instrument assessing subjective experiences of interpersonal...
September 17, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Four Needs Questionnaire
The Four Needs Questionnaire (FNQ), developed by Lisa Zadro, Kipling D. Williams, and Rick Richardson,...
September 16, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Psychological Inner Emptiness (PIE)
The Psychological Inner Emptiness (PIE) scale is a 3-item psychometric measure assessing situational feelings of...
September 16, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Felt Social Exclusion (FSE)
A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Felt Social Exclusion (FSE) scale, a 3-item instrument measuring...
September 12, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Theories
Ostracism Model (Temporal Need-Threat Model) – Kipling D. Williams
A comprehensive academic analysis of Kipling D. Williams' Temporal Need-Threat Model of ostracism, examining reflexive,...
September 11, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti