Scales

Market Knowledge Scale

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Market Knowledge Scale (MKTK) developed by Homburg, Artz, and...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer-Related Responsiveness Scale (CRR)

The Customer-Related Responsiveness Scale (CRR), formulated by Homburg, Grozdanovic, and Klarmann (2007), is a validated...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Identification with the Company (IWTC)

The Identification with the Company (IWTC) scale, developed by Homburg, Wieseke, and Hoyer (2009), is...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti