Scales

Economic Locus of Control Scale

Comprehensive academic overview of the Economic Locus of Control Scale (ELCS) developed by Adrian Furnham,...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Debt Secrecy

A psychometric review of the Debt Secrecy Scale (Moorhouse et al., 2023), assessing construct validity,...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Personal Economic Optimism (PEO)

The Personal Economic Optimism (PEO) scale measures forward-looking beliefs regarding personal financial trajectories, income growth,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale (STS), developed by Rick, Cryder, and Loewenstein...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Frugality Scale (FRUG)

Comprehensive academic profile and psychometric evaluation of the Frugality Scale (FRUG) developed by Lastovicka, Bettencourt,...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti