Scales
Brand Bias (Domestic vs. Foreign) (BBDF)
A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Brand Bias (Domestic vs. Foreign) (BBDF) scale developed by...
# Consumer Ethnocentrism
4 results
Scales
Consumer Racism Scale
The Consumer Racism Scale (CRS), developed by Jean-François Ouellet (2007), is a 9-item psychometric instrument...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Cosmopolitanism (COS)
A comprehensive academic psychometric profile of the Cosmopolitanism (COS) scale by Westjohn et al. (2009),...
September 17, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE)
A comprehensive academic analysis of the Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE), developed by Terence A. Shimp...
September 5, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti