Scales

Perceived Brand Essence Scale (PBES)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Perceived Brand Essence Scale (PBES) developed by Newman and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Gift Attitude Scale

The Gift Attitude Scale (GAS) is a 4-item psychometric instrument developed by Baskin, Wakslak, Trope,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Ad Personalization Scale (PAPS)

The Perceived Ad Personalization Scale (PAPS) is a validated 3-item psychometric measure designed to evaluate...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Ad Visual Liveliness Scale (AVLS)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Ad Visual Liveliness Scale (AVLS) developed by Jin Kim and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Ad Informativeness Scale (AIS)

The Ad Informativeness Scale (AIS) is an academic psychometric tool developed by Kim and Lakshmanan...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Ad Attention and Absorption Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Ad Attention and Absorption Scale (AAAS) developed by Kim...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Arousal Scale (AS-Berger)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Arousal Scale (AS-Berger), a 3-item semantic differential measure of...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Appreciation Felt Scale

Comprehensive psychometric review of the Appreciation Felt Scale (AFS) by Liu, Lamberton, and Haws (2015),...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Ad Incongruence Scale (PAIS)

A psychometric review of the Perceived Ad Incongruence Scale (PAIS), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti