Scales

Competence of the Object

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Competence of the Object scale developed by Melzner and...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Warmth of the Brand

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Warmth of the Brand scale, evaluating how consumers perceive...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Personality Appeal (Clarity) (BPAC)

The Brand Personality Appeal (Clarity) (BPAC) scale is a 5-item semantic differential instrument developed by...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sophistication (SOP)

The Sophistication (SOP) scale is a psychometric dimension of Jennifer L. Aaker's Brand Personality Framework...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sophistication (SOP)

The Sophistication (SOP) scale is a three-item semantic differential measure developed by Aradhna Krishna and...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Individuality of the Employee (IOTE)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Individuality of the Employee (IOTE) scale developed by Daniel...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Excitement (EXC)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Excitement (EXC) scale from Jennifer Aaker's Brand Personality framework,...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Congruence (Self with Brand) (CON)

A psychometric review of the Congruence (Self with Brand) (CON) scale by Breivik and Thorbjørnsen...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Congruence (Ideal Self with Brand)

The Congruence (Ideal Self with Brand) (CON) scale evaluates the perceived alignment between a brand's...

September 17, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti