Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS), detailing its 10-factor structure, construct validity, reliability, normative development, and full item inventory.

Dr. Mohammed Looti An academic and researcher specialized in
PUBLISHED
Scientifically Reviewed · Dr. Marwa Abd-Alazim · September 26, 2026
Medically & Scientifically Reviewed Verified: September 26, 2026
Dr. Marwa Abd-Alazim PhD in Psychology
Faculty Member • University of Kerbala
Review Criteria & Clinical Standards

This content undergoes rigorous scientific peer-review and medical editorial standards at Arab Psychology Network to ensure clinical accuracy, validity, and compliance with evidence-based guidelines from leading psychological and healthcare authorities (APA / WHO).

1. Abstract

The Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS) is an established, multidimensional, self-report inventory developed in 1948 by psychometricians J. P. Guilford and Wayne S. Zimmerman. Designed to evaluate normal adult personality, the instrument synthesizes over a decade of factor-analytic investigations into a unified operational profile comprising 10 primary, mutually independent bipolar temperament traits: General Activity (G), Restraint (R), Ascendance (A), Sociability (S), Emotional Stability (E), Objectivity (O), Friendliness (F), Thoughtfulness (T), Personal Relations (P), and Masculinity (M). Consisting of 300 affirmative statements administered in a forced-choice trichotomous response format (Yes, ?, No), each scale is assessed by 30 dedicated items without cross-scale overlap. Psychometric evaluations across diverse occupational, clinical, and longitudinal normative cohorts—most notably within the National Institute on Aging’s Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA)—demonstrate robust internal consistency (split-half coefficients ranging from .75 to .87) and high test-retest reliability across multiple decades. Construct, convergent, and criterion validity are substantiated by significant correlations with external occupational performance metrics, leadership emergence, longitudinal health indicators, and modern structural taxonomies, including the Five-Factor Model. This article provides a comprehensive psychometric review of the GZTS, detailing its theoretical foundation in orthogonal factor extraction, its structural properties, administration parameters, diagnostic utility, and historical relevance in both applied industrial-organizational settings and contemporary trait research.

2. Keywords

Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey, GZTS, personality assessment, factor analysis, normal temperament, psychometrics, J. P. Guilford, Wayne S. Zimmerman, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, trait psychology

3. Authors

The survey was co-developed by Joy Paul Guilford, Ph.D. (1897–1987), an eminent American psychologist and former president of the American Psychological Association, affiliated primarily with the University of Southern California (USC), and Wayne S. Zimmerman, Ph.D. (1916–2003), a psychometrician and measurement specialist who collaborated with Guilford on multivariate factor-analytic methodologies at USC and subsequently served in administrative and research capacities in higher education testing services.

4. Purpose

The primary purpose of the Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey is to provide an efficient, comprehensive, and statistically non-redundant assessment of normal personality and temperament for adults and late adolescents. Unlike psychiatric screening instruments designed primarily to detect psychopathology or clinical deviance—such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)—the GZTS was intentionally engineered to measure functional variability across healthy civilian and working populations. Guilford and Zimmerman sought to rectify the proliferation of overlapping, correlated scales found in early personality inventories by isolating orthogonal, empirically derived behavioral dimensions through rigorous factor analysis.

In applied industrial and organizational contexts, the GZTS serves as a foundational assessment tool for personnel selection, executive placement, leadership potential identification, and vocational guidance. By profiling an individual across ten distinct dimensions, organizational psychologists evaluate candidate suitability against empirical occupational benchmarks. For instance, high scores on Ascendance (A) and Sociability (S) combined with high Emotional Stability (E) and Restraint (R) consistently correlate with effectiveness in managerial, supervisory, and sales roles where social initiative and poise under pressure are mandatory. Conversely, technical, engineering, and investigative vocations often draw upon individuals displaying elevated Thoughtfulness (T) and Objectivity (O) paired with lower Sociability.

In academic and longitudinal research, the GZTS occupies a prominent place in developmental and health psychology. Most notably, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), initiated in 1958 by the National Institutes of Health, utilized the GZTS as a core measurement instrument to track adult personality stability across lifespan trajectories spanning up to four decades. Data derived from the GZTS provided pivotal empirical evidence refuting early hypotheses of mid-life personality disruption, demonstrating instead remarkable temporal stability across normative adult cohorts. Furthermore, the survey has been extensively deployed in studies exploring the intersection of temperament with coronary heart disease risk, immunological functioning, academic achievement, and creative potential.

5. Psychological Construct

The GZTS operationalizes temperament through ten primary bipolar constructs, each measured by 30 discrete items:

  • General Activity (G): Assesses physical energy, pace of living, behavioral speed, and vital drive. High scorers display energetic movement, prompt action, rapid execution, and enthusiasm for physical momentum. Low scorers exhibit slow deliberation, lethargy, easy fatigue, and an inclination to work at an unhurried, measured cadence.
  • Restraint (R): Evaluates self-control, deliberation, and seriousness versus impulsivity. High scorers are sober, cautious, serious-minded, and planful, frequently exercising strong discipline over momentary urges. Low scorers are happy-go-lucky, carefree, uninhibited, impulsive, and constantly seeking novel excitement.
  • Ascendance (A): Captures social boldness, dominance, leadership initiative, and assertive self-defense. Individuals scoring high readily assume organizational leadership, speak publicly, negotiate with salesmen, and defend personal rights. Low scorers are submissive, reticent, easily intimidated, and prone to yielding to others in social transactions.
  • Sociability (S): Delineates the breadth of interpersonal participation and ease in establishing social contact. High scores reflect an extensive social network, comfort in large gatherings, ease in greeting strangers, and enjoyment of conversational fellowship. Low scores indicate a preference for solitude, an intimate circle of friends, and shyness in group environments.
  • Emotional Stability (E): Measures freedom from neurosis, affective equilibrium, and optimism. High scorers maintain steady morale, cheerfulness, robust physical composure, and psychological resilience. Low scorers report fluctuating moods, persistent depression, chronic guilt, daydreaming escapism, and vulnerability to stress-induced fatigue.
  • Objectivity (O): Refers to cognitive impartiality and psychological resilience against perceived slights. High scorers are thick-skinned, dispassionate, realistic, and unbothered by criticism. Low scorers exhibit hypersensitivity, personal reference tendencies (believing conversations revolve around them), touchiness, and chronic suspiciousness.
  • Friendliness (F): Captures interpersonal tolerance, compliance, and pacificity versus belligerence. High scorers display good nature, willingness to compromise, acceptance of authority, and desire to avoid conflict. Low scorers are combative, quick to take offense, domineering, and eager to see transgressors punished.
  • Thoughtfulness (T): Measures reflective intellectuality, introspectiveness, and philosophical interest. High scorers enjoy analyzing their own mental operations, observing human behavior, contemplating abstract dilemmas, and engaging in deep intellectual reflection. Low scorers prefer immediate concrete action over introspection and find sustained philosophical inquiry tedious.
  • Personal Relations (P): Quantifies trust and tolerance toward people and societal institutions. High scorers exhibit faith in social structures, belief in human integrity, and broad tolerance of interpersonal imperfections. Low scorers are hypercritical, cynical, suspicious of administrative motives, and perpetually dissatisfied with human behavior.
  • Masculinity (M): Historically constructed to assess behaviors, interests, and emotional responses traditionally categorized as masculine versus feminine in mid-20th-century culture. High scorers report interest in mechanical, outdoor, and competitive activities, physical toughness, and resistance to disgust, tears, or squeamishness. Low scorers report refined aesthetic inclinations, heightened empathy, romantic interests, and emotional expressiveness. Modern psychometrics evaluates this scale primarily through the lens of emotional stoicism versus tender-minded aesthetic sensibility.

6. Theoretical Framework

The theoretical architecture of the GZTS is firmly rooted in the classical trait approach to personality and empirical factor-analytic methodology. Operating under the influence of early psychometric pioneers such as Charles Spearman and L. L. Thurstone, J. P. Guilford rejected broad, speculative psychoanalytic models of personality in favor of mathematically derivable structural units. Guilford posited that human personality is an integrated hierarchy of traits, wherein specific behavioral reactions coalesce into habitual responses, which in turn group into primary traits, culminating in higher-order factor domains.

During the 1930s and 1940s, Guilford developed multiple separate inventories to operationalize discrete factor clusters, notably the Nebraska Personality Inventory (measuring factors S, E, and M), the Guilford-Martin Inventory of Factors GAMIN (measuring General Activity, Ascendance, Masculinity, Inferiority feelings, and Nervousness), and the Guilford-Martin Personnel Inventory (measuring Objectivity, Agreableness, and Cooperativeness). The GZTS represented the theoretical and empirical condensation of these disjointed batteries into a unified instrument.

Guilford’s foundational assumption was that the basic dimensions of temperament are orthogonal (statistically independent). By establishing near-zero or low intercorrelations among the 10 scales, Guilford and Zimmerman intended to construct a multidimensional measurement matrix that maximizes distinct behavioral information while minimizing redundancy. While later structural work by Costa and McCrae mapped these 10 factors onto the Five-Factor Model—demonstrating that GZTS scales correspond systematically to Neuroticism (low E, O, and P), Extraversion (high G, A, and S), Openness to Experience (high T), Agreeableness (high F and P), and Conscientiousness (high R)—the original theoretical framework of the GZTS remains an enduring exemplar of primary-level trait taxonomy derived through rotational factor analysis.

7. Validity

The construct, criterion, and convergent validity of the GZTS have been extensively documented across over seven decades of empirical investigation:

  • Construct and Factorial Validity: Guilford and Zimmerman’s initial factor-analytic solutions demonstrated distinct item clusters with robust primary loadings (predominantly > .40) onto their target dimensions. Subsequent independent structural evaluations across collegiate, industrial, and demographic cohorts have repeatedly confirmed that the 10 traits maintain clean separation, exhibiting minimal factor cross-loadings.
  • Convergent and Discriminant Validity: Extensive cross-inventory correlational research exhibits expected convergence with parallel personality tools. McCrae and Costa (1989) demonstrated marked convergence between GZTS scales and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI). Specifically, Emotional Stability (E) and Objectivity (O) correlate strongly with NEO Neuroticism (r = -.60 to -.70); General Activity (G), Ascendance (A), and Sociability (S) align robustly with NEO Extraversion (r = .50 to .75); Thoughtfulness (T) correlates significantly with Openness to Ideas (r = .45); and Friendliness (F) and Personal Relations (P) converge directly with NEO Agreeableness (r = .40 to .60). Discriminant validity is supported by the relative independence of scales such as Restraint and Thoughtfulness from general somatic anxiety markers.
  • Criterion and Predictive Validity: The GZTS demonstrates consistent predictive utility in occupational and longitudinal domains. In executive and industrial studies, Ascendance and Sociability reliably forecast supervisory success, managerial promotional rates, and peer-rated leadership efficacy. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, longitudinal analyses revealed that baseline scores on Emotional Stability, Objectivity, and Activity predicted long-term subjective well-being, cardiovascular resilience, and coping adaptation across adult lifespans spanning up to 30 years post-initial assessment.

8. Reliability

The GZTS exhibits robust internal consistency and stability coefficients across diverse research and clinical contexts:

  • Internal Consistency: Early split-half reliability coefficients (corrected using the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula) published in the GZTS manual for normative adult samples (N > 1,000) consistently range from .75 to .87 across all 10 scales. Typical internal consistency values observed in published literature include: General Activity (.79), Restraint (.80), Ascendance (.85), Sociability (.87), Emotional Stability (.84), Objectivity (.80), Friendliness (.75), Thoughtfulness (.81), Personal Relations (.80), and Masculinity (.82).
  • Test-Retest Reliability: Short-term stability evaluations (over intervals of 3 to 12 weeks) yield test-retest correlations between .80 and .92, indicating minimal state-dependent fluctuation. In long-term investigations, the instrument demonstrated unprecedented temporal stability; data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging reported 6-year to 12-year retest correlations ranging from .65 to .84 across scales among mature adults, supporting the conceptualization of GZTS temperament traits as stable, enduring biological and behavioral predispositions.

9. Factor Analysis

The structural composition of the GZTS emerged from comprehensive exploratory factor analyses (EFA) conducted by Guilford and colleagues on extensive item pools derived from earlier inventories. Utilizing orthogonal rotation methods (primarily Thurstone’s centroid method followed by visual and analytical orthogonal rotations), the authors isolated 10 distinct, non-overlapping primary factors. Each scale was purposefully restricted to 30 items that exhibited high primary factor loadings (typically ranging from .35 to .65) while maintaining negligible cross-loadings (generally < .20) on alternative dimensions.

Subsequent modern investigations employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have examined both the primary 10-factor structure and secondary higher-order factor integrations. While early orthogonal constraints strictly assumed zero correlation among traits, empirical intercorrelations among certain scales (e.g., between Ascendance and Sociability, or between Emotional Stability and Objectivity) naturally occur. Second-order factor extractions typically yield three to five higher-order macro-domains:

  1. Social Adaptability / Extraversion: Marked by heavy loadings from Ascendance (A) and Sociability (S), with secondary contributions from General Activity (G).
  2. Emotional Health / Stability: Defined by strong loadings from Emotional Stability (E), Objectivity (O), and Personal Relations (P).
  3. Reflective Self-Control / Conscientiousness: Characterized by primary loadings from Restraint (R) and Thoughtfulness (T).

CFA studies evaluating the primary 10-factor model typically report acceptable to good model fit indices when accounting for item-level idiosyncratic variance, validating the original empirical craftsmanship of Guilford and Zimmerman’s scale construction.

10. Instrument / Measurement Tool

The technical administration and scoring parameters of the Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey are structured as follows:

  • Instrument Type: Standardized multidimensional self-report personality inventory.
  • Item Format: 300 declarative behavioral and attitudinal statements, presented in first- or second-person format.
  • Response Format: Forced-choice trichotomous response format: Yes, ? (undecided/uncertain), and No. Respondents are instructed to use the ‘?’ option sparingly.
  • Scale Count: 10 distinct temperament scales: General Activity (G), Restraint (R), Ascendance (A), Sociability (S), Emotional Stability (E), Objectivity (O), Friendliness (F), Thoughtfulness (T), Personal Relations (P), and Masculinity (M).
  • Items per Scale: Exactly 30 items per scale, completely partitioned across the 300 questions (e.g., items 1, 11, 21, 31… evaluate specific traits according to standard scoring keys).
  • Scoring Methodology: Each item keyed in the direction of the trait receives 1 point for an affirmative keyed response. Omitted or ‘?’ responses receive 0 points toward the raw score. Raw scores per scale range from 0 to 30.
  • Normative Transformations: Raw scores are mapped onto standardized C-scores (ranging from 0 to 10, with a mean of 5.0 and standard deviation of 2.0) and converted into percentile ranks based on extensive adult and student normative distributions differentiated by gender.
  • Administration Time: Approximately 30 to 45 minutes for self-administration; untimed.

11. Permissions & Fee and Test Year

  • Year of Publication: Originally published in 1948 by Sheridan Supply Company (later acquired by Consulting Psychologists Press, and currently managed under commercial licensing frameworks by Mind Garden, Inc. and Sheridan Psychological Services).
  • Commercial Licensing and Fees: The GZTS is a proprietary psychometric instrument. Test booklets, manual guidelines, and scoring templates require purchase and appropriate educational/professional credentialing (Qualification Level B or equivalent in psychological testing).
  • Academic Research Use: Academic researchers may request permissions or research licenses through authorized copyright holders for non-commercial investigations. Standard copyright protections apply to commercial reproduction, translation, and automated digital deployment.

12. References

  • Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Still stable after all these years: Personality as a key to some issues in adulthood and old age. In P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim, Jr. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 65–102). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-431803-8.50009-4
  • Guilford, J. P., & Zimmerman, W. S. (1948). The Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(4), 438–440.
  • Guilford, J. P., & Zimmerman, W. S. (1956). The Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey: Manual of instructions and interpretations. Sheridan Supply Company.
  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1989). Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator from the perspective of the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 57(1), 17–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00759.x
  • Terracciano, A., Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (2006). Personality predictors of longevity: Activity, emotional stability, and conscientiousness. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000195747.56049.b2

13. Items of the Scale

Below are the authentic scale items in their original language as published in the standard psychometric validation studies, without modification or translation to preserve instrument validity and reliability:

Response Format: Please put a check in the appropriate space for each item: Yes | ? | No

  1. You start to work on a new project with a great deal of enthusiasm
  2. You would rather plan an activity than take part in it.
  3. You have more than once taken the lead In organizing a project or a group of some kind.
  4. You like to entertain guests.
  5. Your Interests change quickly from one thing to another.
  6. When you eat meal with others‚ you are usually one of the last to finish.
  7. You believe in the idea that we should “eat‚ drink‚ and be merry‚ for tomorrow we die”.
  8. When you find that something you have bought is defective‚ you hesitate to demand an exchange or a refund.
  9. You find it easy to make new acquaintances.
  10. You are sometimes bubbling over with energy and sometimes very sluggish.
  11. You are happiest when you get involved in some project that calls for rapid action.
  12. Other people think of you as being very serious minded.
  13. In being thrown by chance with a stranger‚ you wait for him to Introduce himself.
  14. You like to take part in many social activities.
  15. You sometimes feel “just miserable” for no good reason at all.
  16. You are often so much “on the go” that sooner or later you may wear yourself out.
  17. You like parties you attend to be lively.
  18. If you hold an opinion that is radically different from that expressed by a lecturer‚ you are likely to tell him about it either during or after the lecture.
  19. It is difficult for you to chat about things in general with people.
  20. You give little thought to your failures after they are past.
  21. You often wonder where others get all the excess energy they seem to have.
  22. You are inclined to stop to think things over before you act.
  23. You avoid arguing over a price with a clerk or salesman.
  24. You would dislike very much to work alone In some Isolated place.
  25. You often find It difficult to go to sleep at night because you keep thinking of what happened during the day.
  26. You find yourself hurrying to get places even when there is plenty of time.
  27. You like work that requires considerable attention to details.
  28. You are satisfied to let soma one else take the lead in group activities.
  29. You enjoy getting acquainted with people.
  30. It takes a lot to get you emotionally stirred up or excited.
  31. You work more slowly and deliberately than most people of your sex and age.
  32. You are a carefree individual.
  33. When a person does not play fair you hesitate to say anything about it to him.
  34. It bothers you to have people watch you at work.
  35. You have usually been optimistic about your future.
  36. You like to have plenty of time to stop and rest.
  37. You take life very seriously.
  38. You enjoy applying for a job in person.
  39. You would like to be a host or hostess for parties at a club.
  40. You often feel grouchy.
  41. You are the kind of person who is “on the go” all the time.
  42. You often crave excitement.
  43. The thought of making a speech frightens you.
  44. You find it easy to start conversation with strangers.
  45. You often feel guilty without a very good reason for it.
  46. People think you are a very energetic person.
  47. You sometimes make quick decisions that you later wish you hadn’t made.
  48. You find it difficult to ask people for money or other donations‚ even for a cause in which you interested.
  49. You are’ so naturally friendly that people immediately feel at ease with you.
  50. You au daydream a great deal.
  51. You are quick in your actions.
  52. You have a habit of starting things and then losing interest in them.
  53. When you were child‚ many of your playmates naturally expected you to be the leader.
  54. You sometimes avoid social contacts for fear of doing or saying the wrong thing.
  55. You have frequent ups and downs in mood‚ sometimes with and sometimes without apparent cause.
  56. You always seem to have plenty of vigor and vitality.
  57. It difficult for you to understand people who get very concerned about things.
  58. when a clerk in a store waits on others who should come after you‚ you call his attention to the fact.
  59. You would be very unhappy if you were prevented from making numerous social contacts.
  60. There are times when your future looks very dark.
  61. You sometimes wish that people would slow down a bit and give you a chance to catch up.
  62. Man y of your friends think you take your work too seriously.
  63. You hesitate to walk into a meeting when you know that everyone’s eyes will be upon you.
  64. You limit your friendships mostly to members of your own sex.
  65. You almost always feel well and strong.
  66. You seem to lack the drive necessary to get as much done as other people do.
  67. You make decisions on the spur of the moment.
  68. You are rather good at bluffing when you find yourself in difficulty.
  69. After being introduced to someone‚ you just cannot think of things to say to make good conversation.
  70. You feel lonesome even when with other people.
  71. You are able to work for unusually long hours without feeling tired.
  72. You often act on the first thought that comes into your head.
  73. It the scene of an accident‚ you take an active part in helping out.
  74. You have difficulty in making new friends.
  75. Your mood often changes from happiness to sadness‚ or vice versa‚ without your knowing why.
  76. You talk more slowly than most people.
  77. You like to play practical jokes upon others.
  78. You take the lead in putting life into a dull party.
  79. You would like to belong to as many clubs and social organizations as possible.
  80. There are times when your mind seems to work very slowly and other times when it works very rapidly.
  81. You like to do things slowly and deliberately.
  82. You are a happy-go-lucky individual.
  83. When you are served stale or inferior food in a restaurant‚ you say nothing about it.
  84. You would rather apply for a job by writing a letter than by going through with a personal interview.
  85. You are often in low spirits.
  86. You are inclined to rush from one activity to another without pausing enough for rest.
  87. You are so concerned about the future that you do not get as much fun out of the present as you might.
  88. When you are attracted to a person whom you have not met‚ you make an active attempt to get acquainted even though It may be quite difficult.
  89. You are inclined to limit your acquaintances to a se‎lect few.
  90. You seldom give your past mistakes a second thought.
  91. You are less energetic Than many people you know.
  92. You often stop to analyze your thoughts and feelings.
  93. You speak out in meetings to oppose those who you feel sure are wrong.
  94. You are so shy it bothers you.
  95. You are sometimes bothered by ha‎ving a useless thought come into your mind over and over.
  96. You get things done in a hurry.
  97. It is difficult for you to understand how some people can be so unconcerned about the future.
  98. You like to sell things (that is‚ to act as a salesman).
  99. You are often the “life of the party”.
  100. You find daydreaming very enjoyable.
  101. At work or at play other people find it hard to keep up with the pace you set.
  102. You can listen to a lecture without feeling restless.
  103. You would rather work for a good boss than for yourself.
  104. You can express yourself more easily in speech than in writing.
  105. You keep in fairly uniform spirits.
  106. You dislike to be hurried in your work.
  107. You sometimes find yourself “crossing bridges before you come to them”.
  108. You find it somewhat difficult to say “no” to a salesman who tries to sell you something you do not really want.
  109. There are only a few friends with whom you can relax and have a good time.
  110. You usually keep cheerful in spite of trouble.
  111. People sometimes tell you to “slow down” or “take it easy”.
  112. You are one of those who drink or smoke more than they know they should.
  113. When you think you recognize someone you see in a public place‚ you ask him whether you have met him before.
  114. You prefer to work alone.
  115. Disappointments affect you so little that you seldom think about them twice.
  116. You are slow and deliberate in movement.
  117. You like wild enthusiasm‚ sometimes to a point bordering on rowdyism‚ at a football or baseball game.
  118. You feel self-conscious in the presence of important people.
  119. People think of you as being a very social type of person.
  120. You have often los sleep over your worries.
  121. You can turn out a large amount of work in a short time.
  122. You keep at a task until it is done‚ even after nearly everyone else has given up.
  123. You can think of a good excuse when you need one.
  124. Other people say that it is difficult to get to know you well.
  125. Your daydreams are often about things that can never come true.
  126. You often run upstairs taking two steps at a time.
  127. You seldom let your responsibilities interfere with your ha‎ving a good time.
  128. You would like to take on important responsibilities such as organizing a new business.
  129. You have hesitated to make or to accept “dates” because of shyness.
  130. Your mood is very easily influenced by people around you.
  131. Others are often amazed on the amount of work you turn out.
  132. You generally feel as though you haven’t a care in the world.
  133. You find it difficult to get rid of a salesman to whom you do not care to listen or give your time.
  134. You are a listener rather than a talker in social conversations.
  135. You almost always feel that life is very much worth living.
  136. It irritates you to have to wail at a crossing for a long freight train to pass.
  137. You usually say what you feel like saying at the moment.
  138. You like to speak in public.
  139. You like to be with people.
  140. You generally keep cool and think clearly in exciting situations.
  141. Other people regard you as a lively individual.
  142. When you get angry‚ if you let yourself go you feel better.
  143. You seek to avoid all trouble with other people.
  144. People seem to enjoy being with you.
  145. You sometimes feel listless and tired for no good reason.
  146. It is hard to understand why many people are so slow and get so little done.
  147. You are fond of betting on horse races and games‚ whether you can afford it or nol.
  148. If someone you know has been spreading untrue and bad stories about you‚ you see him as soon as possible and have a talk about it.
  149. Shyness keeps you from being as popular as you should be.
  150. You are generally free from worry about possible misfortunes.
  151. You nearly always receive all the credit that is coming to you for things you do.
  152. You would like to tell certain people a thing or two.
  153. You would rather spend an evening reading at home than to attend a large party.
  154. You would change a lot of things about human nature if you could have your way about it.
  155. You would like to go hunting with a rifle for wild game.
  156. In group activities you get your full share of everything.
  157. In most cases it is important to get what you want even if you have to light to get it.
  158. You often try to analyze the motives of others.
  159. Most public office holders generally put public interests ahead of their own.
  160. The sight of blood frightens you.
  161. People talk about you behind your back.
  162. Money is important mostly because it gives its owner power.
  163. It is easy for you to act naturally wherever you are.
  164. Most people are stupid.
  165. You feel deeply sorry fat a bird with a broken wing.
  166. Other people often blame you for things you didn’t do.
  167. You hate to lose in a contest.
  168. You like a job that requires attention to many details.
  169. Most people fulfill their duties even when not being watched.
  170. You can look at snakes without shuddering.
  171. You often become bored when the subject of conversation shifts away from your own experience‚ hobbies‚ or interests.
  172. You hate to lose an argument even when the issue is not very important.
  173. You are usually too busy to spend time in reflective thought.
  174. Most people know what to do without being told.
  175. When a parent‚ teacher‚ or boss scolds you‚ you feel like weeping.
  176. You are touchy about something.
  177. You know someone whom you would particularly like to see “put in his (or her) place”.
  178. You are more interested in athletics than in intellectual things.
  179. Most people are paid as well as they should be for what they contribute to society.
  180. The idea of finding a bug or a worm crawling on you makes you shudder.
  181. You often feel that one of the main ch‎aracters in a movie or a play is like you.
  182. You hesitate to tell people to mind their own business.
  183. You make it a policy to evaluate your past actions carefully.
  184. In most places the traffic laws are in great need of improvement.
  185. You would rather study mathematics and science than literature and music.
  186. You get into scrapes which you did not seek to stir up.
  187. You resent ha‎ving friends or members of your family give you orders.
  188. You are philosophically inclined‚ that is‚ inclined to philosophize about things.
  189. Most people keep to the “straight and narrow path” only because of the fear of being caught.
  190. You specially dislike to get your hands dirty or greasy.
  191. You are inclined to think about yourself much of the time.
  192. You have frequently felt like telling “nosey” people to mind their own business.
  193. You are frequently “lost in thought”.
  194. Far too many people try to take as much as they can and give as little as possible back to society.
  195. You like to read true stories about love and romance.
  196. You get over a humiliating experience very quickly.
  197. In group undertakings you almost always feel that your own plans are best.
  198. You like to discuss the more serious questions of life with your friends.
  199. Most people today try to do an honest day’s work for a day’s pay.
  200. You pay little attention to styles in clothing.
  201. Almost everything that happens seems to have some relationship to you.
  202. When people become bossy or domineering‚ you want to do the opposite of everything they tell you to do.
  203. You often would like to know the underlying reasons behind the actions of other people.
  204. There are far too many useless laws which hamper an individual’s personal freedom.
  205. You would rather be a forest ranger than a dress designer.
  206. Certain people deliberately say or do things to annoy you.
  207. Some people become so rude that you feel the urge to “sit on them” or to “tell them off”.
  208. You sometimes have a peculiar feeling that you are not your old self.
  209. Most people who get ahead today do so because they have “pull”
  210. The sound of foul language disgusts you.
  211. There are many kinds of work that you would not think of doing because they are not good enough for you.
  212. You get into fights or arguments in defense of your friends or members of your family.
  213. You enjoy thinking out complicated problems.
  214. Most people learn quickly to aV9id making the same mistake twice.
  215. You are only mildly disturbed when you see or hear of animals being treated cruelly.
  216. People offend you without knowing it because you hide your feelings from them.
  217. You get a lot of satisfaction from making other people do as you want them to.
  218. You often take time out just to meditate about things.
  219. You have received about all the rewards in life that you deserve.
  220. You would rather be an interior decorator than an architectural engineer.
  221. You have felt that certain persons are secretly trying to get the better of you.
  222. You are likely to talk back to a policeman or other person in authority over you if you feel like it.
  223. You find it very interesting to watch people to see what they will do.
  224. The number of “two-faced” individuals you have known is actually very small.
  225. You feel very badly if someone does not approve of what you are wearing.
  226. You very often seek the advice of other people.
  227. When someone is not playing fair‚ you like to see him beaten at his own game.
  228. You are constantly alert to ways of improving yourself.
  229. Most groups of people behave like a bunch of sheep‚ that is‚ they blindly follow a leader.
  230. You would rather go to an athletic event than to a dance.
  231. It is difficult to hurt your feelings.
  232. Anyone trying to take away any of your lawful rights will have a real fight on his hands with you personally.
  233. You are inclined to steer clear of complicated problems that call for thinking.
  234. In general‚ people higher up tend to assume their share of the dirty work‚ not leaving it for hers to do.
  235. The sight of ragged or soiled fingernails is repulsive to you.
  236. There have been times when you have been bothered by the idea that someone is reading your thoughts.
  237. It pays to “turn the other cheek” rather than to start a fight.
  238. You try to sense what people are thinking about as they talk to you.
  239. You have had your share of good luck.
  240. You feel deeply sorry for a mistreated horse.
  241. You have been seriously slighted more than once.
  242. When you resent the actions of anyone‚ you promptly tell him so.
  243. After a critical moment is over‚ you usually think of something you should have done but didn’t do.
  244. You want a thing done right. you must do it yourself.
  245. You can handle a loaded gun without feeling at all jittery.
  246. Other people too often take the credit for things you yourself have done.
  247. You know or have known someone personally whom you would like to see behind prison bars.
  248. You are much concerned over the morals of your generation.
  249. Large business corporations are a good thing.
  250. You cry rather easily.
  251. When things go wrong‚ It upsets you very little.
  252. You see to it that people do not take advantage of you.
  253. You are inclined to ponder over your past.
  254. Some people pay more attention to your comings and goings than they should.
  255. The sight of large bugs and spiders gives you a “creepy” feeling.
  256. You often feel that a speaker is talking about you personally.
  257. You are unhappy unless things in an organization go pretty much as you want them to.
  258. You enjoy analyzing your own thoughts and feelings.
  259. Most people use politeness to cover up what is really “cut-throat” competition.
  260. You would rather be a building contractor than a nurse.
  261. You have days in which it seems that everything goes wrong.
  262. You feel the urge to stir up some excitement when things become dull.
  263. You would rather put plans into action than to spend time working them out.
  264. The educational system in this country is all right in most ways.
  265. You feel sorry for a fish that is caught on a hook.
  266. You often unburden your troubles to others.
  267. You would like to have enough money or power in order to impress people who think they are better than you are.
  268. You frequently find yourself in a meditative stale.
  269. People today have just about as many chances for success as in your parents’ day.
  270. You feel strongly against kissing a friend of your own sex and age.
  271. You are too sensitive for your own good.
  272. You have often found it necessary to fight for what you believe to be right.
  273. You often watch others to see what effects your words or actions have upon them.
  274. Most people are ou.t to get more than they give.
  275. You are willing to take a chance alone in a situation where the outcome is doubtful.
  276. People have criticized you unjustly to others.
  277. The opinions of most people are worthless.
  278. You are inclined to be introspective‚ that is‚ to analyze yourself.
  279. Almost anyone‚ even though poor‚ can get a square deal in courts of law.
  280. You would rather be a miner than a florist.
  281. It is difficult for you to become interested in the problems of others when you have so many of your own.
  282. It bothers you to have other people tell you what you should do.
  283. You often wonder about why human life exists and what its future is.
  284. Some people deliberately make things hard for you.
  285. Odors of perspiration disgust you.
  286. Criticism disturbs you very little.
  287. It bothers you to see someone else bungling a job that you know perfectly well how to manage.
  288. You are inclined to live in the present‚ leaving the past and the future out of your thoughts.
  289. Most people will tell a lie now and then in order to get ahead.
  290. The sight of an unshaven man disgusts you.
  291. When you lose something you often begin to suspect someone of either ha‎ving taken it or ha‎ving misplaced it.
  292. There are some people whose actions seem continually to irritate you.
  293. You like to have time to be alone with your thoughts.
  294. There are entirely too many employees who deserve higher pay than their bosses.
  295. You like love scenes in a movie or play.
  296. There are times when it seems that everyone is against you.
  297. If anyone steps ahead of you in line‚ he is likely to hear from you about it.
  298. You often wonder why people behave as they do.
  299. Nearly all people try to do the right thing when given a chance.
  300. When you become emotional you come to the point of tears.
★

Rate This Scale

5.0 / 5 • 1 vote

Cite This Article

Looti, M. (2026, September 26). Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey. PSYCHOLOGICAL DATABASE. https://english.arabpsychology.com/scales/guilford-zimmerman-temperament-survey/
Looti, Mohammed. “Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey.” PSYCHOLOGICAL DATABASE, 26 September 2026, https://english.arabpsychology.com/scales/guilford-zimmerman-temperament-survey/.
Looti, Mohammed. “Guilford–Zimmerman Temperament Survey.” PSYCHOLOGICAL DATABASE. September 26, 2026. https://english.arabpsychology.com/scales/guilford-zimmerman-temperament-survey/.