Theories

Learned Optimism Model – Martin Seligman

A comprehensive academic analysis of Martin Seligman's Learned Optimism Model, examining explanatory styles, the ABCDE...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Authenticity Scale (AS)

The Authenticity Scale (AS; Wood et al., 2008) is a 12-item psychometric instrument measuring human...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Theories

Hope Theory – C. R. Snyder

An exhaustive academic treatise examining C. R. Snyder's Hope Theory, exploring agency, pathways, psychometric assessments,...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS)

An in-depth academic psychometric review of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS), evaluating its theoretical...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), detailing its theoretical framework, construct...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Voluntourism Motivation Scale

The Voluntourism Motivation Scale (VMS), developed by Lo and Lee (2011), is a validated 20-item...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS)

Comprehensive academic psychometric evaluation of the Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS), developed by Beard and Ragheb...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Tourist Wellbeing Scale (TWS)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Tourist Wellbeing Scale (TWS), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Flow State Scale–2 (FSS-2)

An exhaustive psychometric review of the Flow State Scale–2 (FSS-2), detailing its theoretical framework, nine-dimensional...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti