Scales

Brand Fidelity to Founding Values

The Brand Fidelity to Founding Values Scale (Biraglia et al., 2023) measures consumer perceptions of...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand as Personal Identity Symbol

Explore the Brand as Personal Identity Symbol scale: comprehensive psychometrics, theoretical foundations, reliability, factor structure,...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Authenticity (BRAU)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Brand Authenticity (BRAU) scale, exploring its psychometric structure, theoretical...

September 23, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Personality Appeal (Clarity) (BPAC)

The Brand Personality Appeal (Clarity) (BPAC) scale is a 5-item semantic differential instrument developed by...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Partner Quality Trust (BPQT)

The Brand Partner Quality Trust (BPQT) scale, established by Aaker, Fournier, and Brasel (2004), evaluates...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

General Company Commitment (Aaker) (GCCA)

A comprehensive psychometric analysis of the General Company Commitment (Aaker) (GCCA) scale, developed by Jennifer...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Perceived Brand Essence Scale (PBES)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Perceived Brand Essence Scale (PBES) developed by Newman and...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Authenticity Scale (BAS)

A comprehensive academic guide and psychometric profile of the Brand Authenticity Scale (BAS) developed by...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Sponsorship Fit and Congruence Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Sponsorship Fit and Congruence Scale (SFCS), exploring its functional...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti