Scales

Personal Health Risk Concern

A comprehensive psychometric overview of the Personal Health Risk Concern scale, examining its theoretical foundations,...

September 24, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Aloneness Scale (ALONE)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Aloneness Scale (ALONE), an 8-item psychometric measure developed by...

September 23, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Charity Donation Intention (CDI)

A psychometric review of the Charity Donation Intention (CDI) scale, a 3-item semantic differential instrument...

September 16, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Voluntourism Motivation Scale

The Voluntourism Motivation Scale (VMS), developed by Lo and Lee (2011), is a validated 20-item...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti